Daily Archives: March 29, 2023

2023-03-29: News Headlines

G. Dunkel (2023-03-29). Despite government attacks: Workers, students in France stay strong. workers.org Since President Emmanuel Macron and Prime Minister Élizabeth Borne rammed through the "reform" of France's pension system March 16 — an attack which will require workers to work longer to obtain a full pension — the class struggle has grown more intense. Women retirees on the front lines, March 2023. . . . |

Al Jazeera. (2023-03-28). Protests Rage In France For A Tenth Day. popularresistance.org Protests and strikes against unpopular pension reforms kicked off again Tuesday across France, with police security ramped up amid government warnings that radical demonstrators intended "to destroy, to injure and to kill". | Concerns that violence could mar the demonstrations prompted what Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin described as an unprecedented deployment of 13,000 officers, nearly half of them concentrated in the French capital. | After months of upheaval, an exit from the firestorm of protest triggered by President Emmanuel Macron's changes to France's retirement system looked as far away as ever.

Andy Kroll (2023-03-28). The War of Surprises in Ukraine. tomdispatch.com Some wars acquire names that stick. The Lancaster and York clans fought the War of the Roses from 1455-1485 to claim the British throne. The Hundred Years' War pitted England against France from 1337-1453. In the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648, many European countries clashed, while Britain and France waged the Seven Years' War, 1756-63, across significant parts of the globe. World War I (1914-1918) gained the lofty moniker, "The Great War," even though World II (1939-1945) would prove far greater in death, destruction, and its grim global reach. Of the catchier conflict names, my own favorite — though the Pi…

Editor (2023-03-28). Long live the working class of France: Vive la classe ouvrière de la France! workers.org The working class of France is in the streets, with millions of people striking and demonstrating. The proverbial straw — more like a whole big bundle of straw — was French President Emmanuel Macron's decision to raise the retirement age from 62 to 64. Macron, who imposed this attack on . . . |




Staff (2023-03-28). Headlines for March 28, 2023. democracynow.org 39 Asylum Seekers Die in Fire at Mexican Immigration Detention Center Near U.S. Border, U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Says Biden Asylum Proposal Violates International Law, Six Killed, Including Three Students, in Shooting at Nashville, TN, Elementary School, Israel's Netanyahu Agrees to Delay Far-Right Judicial Reforms Amid Massive Protests, U.S. Aircraft Carrier Arrives in South Korea as North Korea Ramps Up Nuclear Weapons Production, Taliban Arrests Leader of Campaign to Educate Afghan Women and Girls, Massive Strikes and Protests Across France Demanding Macron Restore Pension Benefits, Haitian-Ch…

Staff (2023-03-28). Randall Robinson (1941-2023) on Haiti's Unbroken Agony, from U.S. Coups to Haiti's "Debt" to France. democracynow.org We continue to remember the lawyer and human rights activist Randall Robinson, the founder of the racial justice group TransAfrica, who died last week at age 81. Robinson was a leader in the U.S. movement against South African apartheid and was a prominent critic of U.S. policy in Haiti, including the U.S.-backed coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 2004. Democracy Now! spoke to Robinson in 2007 about that episode and how foreign powers have interfered in Haiti throughout the country's history, beginning with the slave revolt against France that established Haiti as the first free republic in th…

Frances Madeson (2023-03-28). LDEQ draft permit rattles neighbors of hazardous waste disposal site. therealnews.com This story originally appeared in COLFAX — Sliska Larry read the proposed operating permit for the expanded Clean Harbors hazardous waste disposal site, less than 2 miles from her home, with her 9-year-old grandson at her side. She instinctively pulled him closer, as if to shield him, as she absorbed its details. | "It's a wolf in sheep's clot…

teleSUR, SH (2023-03-28). Francia vive otra jornada de marchas contra reforma jubilatoria. telesurtv.net El líder de la Confederación Francesa Democrática del Trabajo, propuso este martes buscar una mediación sobre la reforma de las pensiones.




teleSUR, nama, JCM (2023-03-29). Ataque a centro islámico deja dos fallecidas en Lisboa. telesurtv.net El primer ministro de Portugal, António Costa, aseveró que, de momento, "todo indica que fue un acto aislado".

Dave DeCamp (2023-03-28). Deputy Foreign Ministers of Syria and Turkey to Meet in Moscow. news.antiwar.com The deputy foreign ministers of Syria, Turkey, Russia, and Iran will meet in Moscow in April as part of an effort to normalize ties between Damascus and Ankara, Reuters reported on Tuesday. An unnamed senior Turkish official told Reuters that the meeting will be held from April 3-4. "This meeting is expected to be a …

A Guest Author (2023-03-28). As Zelensky speaks, vigil to demand Austria maintain neutrality. workers.org Workers World received this petition and call for a vigil from the Austrian group, the Social Alliance for Peace and Neutrality. Translation: John Catalinotto. Vienna protest of German decision to send tanks to Ukraine, Jan. 30, 2023. Credit: Social Alliance for Peace and Neutrality Vigil: Building peace without weapons Thursday, . . . |

ecns.cn (2023-03-29). IOC to decide on Russian participation at Paris Olympics at 'appropriate time'. ecns.cn The International Olympic Committee's (IOC) executive board has recommended the return to competition of Russian and Belarusian athletes as individual neutrals, but has yet to decide whether they can compete at next year's Paris Olympics.




teleSUR, dcdc, JCM (2023-03-28). Rusia mantiene plan sobre armas nucleares en Belarús. telesurtv.net La razón de tal medida fue la declaración del Reino Unido sobre el suministro de munición de uranio empobrecido a Ucrania.

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). Georgian airborne forces trained by U.S., Turkish, Romanian, Estonian counterparts. antibellum679354512.wordpress.com Georgian Ministry of DefenseMarch 28, 2023 The initial parachute training program has been completed In Bolnisi, at the Parachute Training School of the Special Purpose Training Center named after Major Gela Chedia, the initial parachute training program was completed with demonstration elements. The training program was completed by the graduates of the platoon commander of …

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). Video: Co-ed NATO expeditionary forces train for winter/Arctic warfare near Russian border. antibellum679354512.wordpress.com NATOSupreme Headquarters Allied Powers EuropeMarch 28, 2023 Video: How to survive in the winter wilderness with NATO's battlegroup Estonia …UK troops that make up part of NATO's multinational battlegroup in Estonia — with the United Kingdom as framework nation — train for on the Cold Weather Operator's Course…. This NATO battlegroup also includes contributions from …

Orinoco Tribune 2 (2023-03-29). Recognition of Europe's Crimes Should Go Beyond Rhetoric: Experts on Slave Trade Remembrance Day. orinocotribune.com By Maria Konokhova — Mar 25, 2023 | Over the period from the 16th to 19th centuries, the world saw one of the darkest chapters in its history, during which millions of enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Today, on March 25, the world commemorates and honors the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. | The annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/122 in December 2007. Since then, on this day, the world remembers those who suffered a…




Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty (2023-03-29). Art As Therapy: Afghan Women Paint Their Experiences Under Taliban Rule. juancole.com By | An untitled painting by Mursal Ahmadzai | ( "Unfortunately, like other Afghan girls, I now stay at home," she says. "I portray the…

ecns.cn (2023-03-29). Northeast China port sees 2,000 China-Europe freight train trips. ecns.cn Northeast China's Suifenhe port on the China-Russia border has handled 2,000 China-Europe freight train trips since the service started in 2018, local authorities said on Wednesday.

Internationalist 360 ∞ (2023-03-28). The Preparation of a New World War: Reconstituting the Nazi-Nippon Axis. libya360.wordpress.com Thierry Meyssan Japan's PM Kishida offers support to Kyiv The United States is pushing its European Union allies to prepare for a Third World War. They have no choice but to fight it if they want to emerge victorious from the "Thucydides trap". Unless all this commotion is just a staging to "keep" the allies…

Peoples Dispatch (2023-03-28). UNSC says no to international investigation into Nord Stream blasts. peoplesdispatch.org Russia has claimed that the ongoing national investigations being carried out by some European countries are not transparent, and accused them of not cooperating with it, despite Russia being the main affected country…




Prof Michel Chossudovsky (2023-03-28). Video: The European Union, Part of America's Hegemonic Project. globalresearch.ca The EU is a Cold War Construct, a US imperial project formulated by the Washington Consensus. The growing movement against EU domination is an anti-imperial initiative of Worldwide significance. It is also a movement against neoliberalism…

Wisconsin Examiner (2023-03-28). Ending a pregnancy in 14 states leaves few Options. Some Americans are looking to Europe and India for help. juancole.com By: Kelcie Mosely Morris — ( Wisconsin Examiner) — The pills came in a dark salmon-colored envelope sealed with a plastic covering that traveled more than 7,000 miles, over a dozen time zones from Nagpur, India, in almost exactly one week. They were placed partially under the doormat of a home in a state with …

Dave DeCamp (2023-03-28). UN Security Council Won't Probe Nord Stream Bombing. news.antiwar.com The UN Security Council voted Monday against a Russian effort to get an independent investigation into the bombings of the Nord Stream natural gas pipelines that connect Russia to Germany. The only members of the Council that voted in favor of the resolution were Russia, China, and Brazil. The remaining 12 members abstained from the …

Editor (2023-03-28). Major 1-day strike in Germany leaves all public transportation closed. mronline.org The ver.di trade union is demanding a 10.5% pay raise as a result of inflation, and requesting higher remuneration for overtime and night shifts, alongside improvements to working conditions.




Global Research News (2023-03-28). Selected Articles: You Will be Shocked by How Much Money Is Being Pulled Out of U.S. Banks, and Now the Biggest Bank in Germany Is in Trouble. globalresearch.ca By A trillion dollars is a lot of money. …

Jessica Buxbaum (2023-03-28). Roger Waters V. the Machine: Inside the Pink Floyd Frontman's Battle For Free Speech in Germany. mintpressnews.com After being blacklisted as "anti-Semitic," Roger Waters has embarked upon a legal battle against German authorities over his support for BDS, criticism of the Israeli government and support for the Palestinian people.

Peoples Dispatch (2023-03-28). Strike action by public service employees and transport workers paralyzes Germany. peoplesdispatch.org For over a year, trade unions in Germany have been demanding a fair increase in wages to combat inflation and compensate for the continuous fall in real wages…

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). Germany has delivered Leopard tanks, other combat vehicles to Ukraine: chancellor. antibellum679354512.wordpress.com Hàºrriyet Daily NewsMarch 28, 2023 Germany has delivered Leopard tanks to Ukraine: Scholz Germany has delivered promised Leopard battle tanks to Ukraine, Chancellor Olaf Scholz said on Monday…. "Yes, we delivered Leopard tanks as we announced," Scholz told a press conference with Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte in Rotterdam when asked to confirm a report …

Global Research News (2023-03-28). Selected Articles: You Will be Shocked by How Much Money Is Being Pulled Out of U.S. Banks, and Now the Biggest Bank in Germany Is in Trouble. globalresearch.ca By A trillion dollars is a lot of money. …

Jessica Buxbaum (2023-03-28). Roger Waters V. the Machine: Inside the Pink Floyd Frontman's Battle For Free Speech in Germany. mintpressnews.com After being blacklisted as "anti-Semitic," Roger Waters has embarked upon a legal battle against German authorities over his support for BDS, criticism of the Israeli government and support for the Palestinian people.

Peoples Dispatch (2023-03-28). Strike action by public service employees and transport workers paralyzes Germany. peoplesdispatch.org For over a year, trade unions in Germany have been demanding a fair increase in wages to combat inflation and compensate for the continuous fall in real wages…

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). Germany has delivered Leopard tanks, other combat vehicles to Ukraine: chancellor. antibellum679354512.wordpress.com Hàºrriyet Daily NewsMarch 28, 2023 Germany has delivered Leopard tanks to Ukraine: Scholz Germany has delivered promised Leopard battle tanks to Ukraine, Chancellor Olaf Scholz said on Monday…. "Yes, we delivered Leopard tanks as we announced," Scholz told a press conference with Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte in Rotterdam when asked to confirm a report …

ecns.cn (2023-03-28). Train carrying $1.2 million worth of goods heads to Kazakhstan. ecns.cn A freight train loaded with 110 twenty-foot equivalent units of cargo departed on March 14 from Qingdao, Shandong province, headed for Almaty, Kazakhstan, and will arrive at its destination after 20 days.

newsnetwork.mayoclinic (2023-03-29). Science Saturday: Understanding the speed of brain communication. newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org It often was thought that the speed of information transmitted among regions of the brain stabilized during early adolescence. A new study in Nature Neuroscience by Mayo Clinic researchers and colleagues from the Netherlands found transmission speeds continue to increase into early adulthood. Because problems such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorders can emerge in late adolescence and early adulthood, a better understanding of brain development may help clinicians offer therapies to treat these disorders. "A fundamental understanding…

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). Camp Kosciuszko: Pentagon settles in Poland permanently. antibellum679354512.wordpress.com Stars and StripesMarch 28, 2023 Army's new Poland garrison went from Warsaw's wish list to high US priority A U.S. Army map shows shows current and projected sites for the service in Poland, including the new headquarters in the west central city of Poznan. U.S.-based units are also on rotations to the southeastern part of …

Marjorie Cohn, Truthout. (2023-03-29). ICC Charges Putin With War Crimes; US And Israeli Leaders Enjoy Impunity. popularresistance.org On March 17, a little more than one year after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Karim Khan, chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), announced that the Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) had issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin for the commission of war crimes in Ukraine. The PTC also issued an arrest warrant for Maria Lvova-Belova, commissioner for children's rights in the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, for the same war crimes. | While the U.S. celebrates the arrest warrant against Putin, it has pressured the ICC to refrain from prosecuting Israelis and Americans…

Staff (2023-03-29). Headlines for March 29, 2023. democracynow.org Asylum Seekers in Ciudad Juárez Demand Justice, Humane Treatment, Following Blaze That Killed 38, Nashville School Shooter Had 7 Legally Purchased Firearms, U.N. Nuclear Watchdog Chief Visits Zaporizhzhia in Hopes of Curbing Nuclear Disaster Risk, Russian Man Sentenced to 2 Years After 13-Year-Old Daughter Draws Antiwar Picture, The Guardian's Owners Apologize for Founders' Ties to Slavery, Burmese Military Dissolves Aung San Suu Kyi's Party, Idaho House Passes Bill Criminalizing People Who Help Minors Get Out-of-State Abortions, Judge Orders Mike Pence to Testify Before Grand Jury Investigating…

Staff (2023-03-29). Lumumba Returns to Moscow. orinocotribune.com By Oleg Yasinsky — Mar 24, 2023 | Tens of thousands of citizens from all parts of the planet, graduates of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University in Moscow, never knew that, in 1992, during the government of Boris Yeltsin, profoundly anticommunist and pro-Western, the surname of the hero and martyr of the peoples of Africa, Lumumba, was removed from the official name of the university. Everywhere, all over the world, they continued referring to it as "Patrice Lumumba University." In fact, most of the Russian neighbors of the university didn't even know about this change. | This university was ina…

_____ (2023-03-29). Tchaikovsky's NATO Requiem. strategic-culture.org NATO's campaign against Tchaikovsky and, by extension, against all Russian and global culture may best be viewed as a chess game where NATO are the white hats and civilisation must play black. | NATO's campaign against Tchaikovsky and, by extension, against all Russian and global culture may best be viewed as a chess game where NATO are the white hats and civilisation must play black. NATO's aim in this sick game is to uncouple Tchaikovsky from the rest of his team, to control the cultural centre of the board and, by removing him from their cultural chess board, to pulverise Russian culture, to demote the Russian…

_____ (2023-03-28). High Stakes as Uncle Sam's Days of Impunity Are Finally Over. strategic-culture.org The edifice of American imperial power has never been challenged at its foundation. It is now. | Russia and China are determined to hold the American perpetrators of the Nord Stream sabotage to account. Uncle Sam's days — indeed decades — of wanton criminality are over. There's going to be hell to pay as the imperialist tyranny in Washington hits a wall of reality. | Several weeks have gone by with the United States and its Western lackeys stonewalling at the United Nations Security Council, squirming and resisting calls from Moscow and Beijing for an international criminal investigation into the sabo…

_____ (2023-03-28). U.S. Bombs Syria in Defense of Its Illegal Occupation. strategic-culture.org While the Pentagon has shifted its focus from the decades of wars of aggression in the Middle East to the preparation of new and potentially world-catastrophic nuclear wars against Russia and China, it still has the capacity to unleash massive violence against the peoples of Syria, Iran, Iraq and the rest of the region.

Ahmed Adel (2023-03-28). Singapore's Position on Ukraine, "Business As Usual with Russia", Realigns with ASEAN. globalresearch.ca

Anonymous103 (2023-03-28). In Video: 35 Years Ago Biden Came To Kremlin To Discuss INF Treaty. southfront.org

Anonymous103 (2023-03-28). Military Situation In Donetsk Region On March 28, 2023 (Map Update). southfront.org Click to see full-size image | To the north of Avdiivka, the Russian Army entered Novokalinovo; | Clashes are ongoing along the highway near Novobakhmutovka; | To the southwest of Avdiivka, Russian forces continue assault operations near Severnoye, Tonenkoy and Pervomaisky; | Clashes are ongoing west of Kamenka which came under Russian control; | The Russian Army advanced in the southern districts of Mariinka; | Journalists, volunteers and other services were prohibited to travel to Avdiivka. Utility se…

Anonymous103 (2023-03-28). Military Situation In Ukraine On March 28, 2023 (Map Update). southfront.org Click to see full-size image | Russian UAVs struck their targets in Svyatoshinsky and Obolonsky districts of Kiev; | Russian UAVs destroyed at least one facility in the city of Dnipro; | Russian forces destroyed a military recruitment center in Slavyansk; | On March 27, the Russian Army destroyed a guidance radar of S-300 system near Davydiv Brid; | On March 27, Russian air defense forces shot down a Ukrainian Mi-8 near Temirivka village; | Clashes between the Russian Army and the AFU continue in Mariin…

Anonymous767 (2023-03-28). 'Unfriendly' West Triggers Consolidation Of Russian Elite. southfront.org Click to see the full-size image | The claim that sanctions, the ICC arrest warrant against President Putin, and other unfriendly actions by the West have had no effect on Russian political reality is fundamentally false. | After the collapse of the USSR, the new economic elites of Russia aligned themselves firmly with the West. Flattering themselves that they would be whole-heartedly embraced by the Western global aristocracy, they felt little solidarity with their less-fortunate compatriots, and were happy to enable the…

Editor (2023-03-28). Patrick Lawrence: China and Russia Deepen Ties To Oppose US's Destabilizing Actions. scheerpost.com By Margaret Flowers / Popular Resistance The recent accord between Saudi Arabia and Iran, facilitated by China, signifies a seismic shift in geopolitical dynamics. This was followed by a three-day summit between the presidents of China and Russia in Moscow where they signed agreements that deepen their cooperation. China has established itself as a force …

infobrics (2023-03-28). Singapore's position on Ukraine crisis is finally realigning with ASEAN. infobrics.org Cambodian PM begins backtracking criticism of Russia.

infobrics (2023-03-28). China and Russia Agree to Build Second Rail Bridge Over the River Amur. infobrics.org

Internationalist 360 ∞ (2023-03-28). Russia-China Leaders Meeting: A Sign of a Rising Alliance or a Threatening Challenge to the West? North America's Perspective. libya360.wordpress.com Dr. Nivedita Das Kundu The key dynamics at play in the evolving global order are that Russia and China have been advocating a shift away from a system led by Western values and rules, challenging the traditional dominance of Western powers in the international system. However, as per North America's perspective, the notion that the Chinese and Russian alliance is growing faster may be overstated,…

kwjorinoco (2023-03-28). When the Left Ceased to Be Anti-War in Ukraine. orinocotribune.com By Hasel-Paris àÅlvarez Martín — Mar 21, 2023 | The war in Ukraine is said to have irreversibly transformed the world order, politically and economically. However, what has changed the most is leftist culture. | At the start of the war, the Western consensus was to not send offensive weapons to Ukraine, in order to prevent an escalation of the war. No one wanted to cross the fine line between "helping the Ukrainians defend themselves" and "declaring war on Russia." The Russians could respond by attacking NATO territory, which would in turn start a Third World War, with the chance of acid rain. | A year…

Newsclick (2023-03-28). Will Xi's visit to Russia mark a change in the world order? peoplesdispatch.org Former Indian ambassador MK Bhadrakumar joins Newsclick's Prabir Purkayastha to talk about what went down in these talks and the larger implications of Xi's visit to Russia.

Caitlin A. Johnstone (2023-03-28). U.S. officials really, REALLY want you to know the U.S. is the world's "leader" mronline.org In response to questions he received during a press conference on Monday about Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin cementing a "new era" in strategic partnership between China and Russia, the White House National Security Council's John Kirby made no fewer than seven assertions that the U.S. is the "leader" of the world.

Rick Rozoff (2023-03-28). NATO lays down law to Georgian colony regarding "Russian law"; backs reclamation of "occupied territories" antibellum679354512.wordpress.com NATOMarch 23, 2023 NATO Allies reaffirm support to Georgia and stress importance of continuing reforms The NATO-Georgia Commission met on Thursday (23 March 2023), with the participation by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia Ilia Darchiashvili. The meeting provided an opportunity "to review the role and significance of our partnership with Georgia following a …

Tanjug (2023-03-28). Republic of Serbia Aleksandar Vucic Condemns US-NATO: International Law Died 24 Years Ago, but Serbian Spirit Was Not Broken. globalresearch.ca

Tanjug (2023-03-28). Vucic: International Law Died 24 Years Ago, but Serbian Spirit Was Not Broken. globalresearch.ca

Dave DeCamp (2023-03-29). Senate Votes Down Amendment to Create Special Watchdog for Ukraine. news.antiwar.com The Senate on Tuesday night voted down an amendment to create a special inspector general to oversee the over $113 billion that the US has authorized to spend on the war in Ukraine. The amendment, which was introduced by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO), failed in a vote of 26-68, with 24 Republicans and only two …

_____ (2023-03-28). Ukraine War Enters 2024 U.S. Presidential Election. strategic-culture.org

Anonymous103 (2023-03-28). Military Situation In Bakhmut On March 28, 2023 (Map Update). southfront.org

Anonymous103 (2023-03-28). U.S. Senate to Vote on Amendment to Appoint Inspector General for Ukraine Aid. southfront.org Illustrative Image | Originally published on The Senate is expected to Hawley…

Anonymous765 (2023-03-28). Strikes Hit Rear Areas On The Eve Of Offensive. southfront.org |

Binoy Kampmark (2023-03-28). Britain to supply Ukraine with depleted uranium shells. greenleft.org.au Britain has revealed it will supply Ukraine with armour-piercing depleted uranium shells, despite the health and environmental harms associated with the materiel, reports Binoy Kampmark.

Dave DeCamp (2023-03-28). Senate to Vote on Amendment to Appoint Inspector General for Ukraine Aid. news.antiwar.com The Senate is expected to vote on an amendment this week introduced by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) that would appoint a special inspector general to oversee the over $113 billion that has been authorized to spend on the war in Ukraine. Hawley said the ideal candidate for the position would be John Sopko, who has …

Dave DeCamp (2023-03-28). Ukraine Receives Deliveries of German, British Tanks. globalresearch.ca

Douglas Macgregor (2023-03-28). "The Crisis of American National Power has Begun". Col. Douglas Macgregor. globalresearch.ca

Jacques Baud (2023-03-28). The Military Situation In The Ukraine. Jacques Baud. globalresearch.ca

Julia Shapero (2023-03-28). International Criminal Court to Open Ukraine Office Following Putin Arrest Warrant. globalresearch.ca

WSWS (2023-03-28). IYSSE holds meeting against Ukraine war at Brazil's University of Sà£o Paulo. wsws.org The meeting addressed the origins of the war, the capitalist crisis and growing class struggle, and the political perspective required to confront the war.

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